The rare earth elements neodymium and praseodymium provide the best magnets for wind turbines and EVs, but they can arise from the ground at a fearful environmental cost.
A modern wind turbine can contain up to 600 kilos of neodymium that is used to make powerful permanent magnets (NdFeB – neodymium-ion-boron magnets). But the metal, along with the praseodymium also added in the magnets, is found in very low quantities in ore, and substantial extraction and refining is necessary using toxic acids, solvents and leaching ponds.
To produce one tonne of the material, it is estimated that up to 12,000 m3 of waste gas is produced along with a tonne of chronic radioactive residue. Up to 2,000 tonnes of toxic waste including slurry tailings mixtures that can leak into ground water supplies are produced.....<<<Read More>>>....
